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Life-cycle assessment and techno-economic analysis of the production of wood vinegar from stem: a case

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第8期   页码 1109-1121 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2296-2

摘要： This research undertook a case study of the life-cycle assessment and techno-economic analysis of the slow pyrolysis of Eucommia stem for the production of wood vinegar and activated carbon. The results showed that the production of one ton of wood vinegar via the slow pyrolysis of Eucommia stem show comparatively low global warming potential (2.37 × 102 kg CO2 eq), primary energy demand (3.16 × 103 MJ), acidification potential (2.19 kg SO2 eq), antimony depletion potential (3.86 × 10–4 kg antimony eq), and ozone depletion potential (7.46 × 10–6 kg CFC-11 eq) and was more environmentally friendly than the production of dilute acetic acid (12 wt %) via petrochemical routes. Meanwhile, the total capital investment, total product cost, and cash flowsheet were provided in the techno-economic analysis. Then, the net present value, internal rate of return, and dynamic payback period of the production process were evaluated. The findings indicated that while this production process is cost-effective, it might not be economically attractive or could generate investment risks. An increase in the added value of the wood vinegar and the activated carbon could remarkably improve the economic feasibility of this production process.

关键词： life-cycle assessment     techno-economic analysis     wood vinegar     activated carbon     Eucommia    

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Thermo-economic analysis of a direct supercritical CO electric power generation system using geothermal

《能源前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第2期   页码 246-262 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0749-9

摘要： A comprehensive thermo-economic model combining a geothermal heat mining system and a direct supercritical CO2 turbine expansion electric power generation system was proposed in this paper. Assisted by this integrated model, thermo-economic and optimization analyses for the key design parameters of the whole system including the geothermal well pattern and operational conditions were performed to obtain a minimal levelized cost of electricity (LCOE). Specifically, in geothermal heat extraction simulation, an integrated wellbore-reservoir system model (T2Well/ECO2N) was used to generate a database for creating a fast, predictive, and compatible geothermal heat mining model by employing a response surface methodology. A parametric study was conducted to demonstrate the impact of turbine discharge pressure, injection and production well distance, CO2 injection flowrate, CO2 injection temperature, and monitored production well bottom pressure on LCOE, system thermal efficiency, and capital cost. It was found that for a 100 MWe power plant, a minimal LCOE of $0.177/kWh was achieved for a 20-year steady operation without considering CO2 sequestration credit. In addition, when CO2 sequestration credit is $1.00/t, an LCOE breakeven point compared to a conventional geothermal power plant is achieved and a breakpoint for generating electric power generation at no cost was achieved for a sequestration credit of $2.05/t.

关键词： geothermal heat mining     supercritical CO2     power generation     thermo-economic analysis     optimization    

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Energy and economic analysis of a point-focus concentrating photovoltaic system when its installation

C. RENNO, A. PERONE

《能源前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第2期   页码 384-395 doi: 10.1007/s11708-020-0717-9

摘要： The concentrating photovoltaic (CPV) systems are a promising technology to obtain clean energy. However, these systems are not equally convenient worldwide due to different climatic conditions. The main aim of this paper is to analyze energy and economic performances of a point-focus CPV system for a residential user when its installation site varies. Three locations, Riyadh, Copenhagen, and Palermo, characterized by very different weather conditions are chosen. A model that links the electrical power of a triple-junction (TJ) cell with its temperature and concentrated radiation incident on it is experimentally developed to evaluate the energy performance of the CPV system. A comparison of the three localities for typical winter and summer sunny days indicates that the higher values of the TJ cell temperature are reached in summer, over 70°C at Riyadh, and its electrical power is reduced compared to a winter day. In winter, a TJ cell in Riyadh supplies an electric power of about 20% higher than that in other two cities, while in summer, the maximum power is observed at Copenhagen. On the contrary, the electrical producibility also depends on the sunlight daily hours number during the year. Hence, considering the real distribution of direct normal irradiance (DNI) and the environmental temperature for each locality, a CPV system composed of modules of 90 cells adopted for a residential user is sized. The electric producibility of the CPV system, by varying its module number, is evaluated for different localities together with the optimal number of the modules which is able to maximize the investment profitability.

关键词： CPV system     point-focus     experimental model     energy and economic analysis    

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Process simulation and economic analysis of reactor systems for perfluorinated compounds abatement without

Boreum Lee,Sunggeun Lee,Ho Young Jung,Shin-Kun Ryi,Hankwon Lim

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第4期   页码 526-533 doi: 10.1007/s11705-016-1590-2

摘要： New and efficient reactor systems were proposed to treat perfluorinated compounds via catalytic decomposition. One system has a single reactor (S-1), and another has a series of reactors (S-2). Both systems are capable of producing a valuable CaF and eliminating toxic HF effluent and their feasibility was studied at various temperatures with a commercial process simulator, Aspen HYSYS . They are better than the conventional system, and S-2 is better than S-1 in terms of CaF production, a required heat for the system, natural gas usage and CO emissions in a boiler, and energy consumption. Based on process simulation results, preliminary economic analysis shows that cost savings of 12.37% and 13.55% were obtained in S-2 at 589.6 and 621.4 °C compared to S-1 at 700 and 750 °C, respectively, for the same amount of CaF production.

关键词： perfluorinated compounds (PFCs)     CF4     process simulation     economic analysis    

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Techno-economic analysis of the adoption of electric vehicles

Donald KENNEDY, Simon P. PHILBIN

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2019年 第6卷 第4期   页码 538-550 doi: 10.1007/s42524-019-0048-x

摘要： Significant advances in battery technology are creating a viable marketspace for battery powered passenger vehicles. Climate change and concerns over reliable supplies of hydrocarbons are aiding in the focus on electric vehicles. Consumers can be influenced by marketing and emotion resulting in behaviors that may not be in line with their stated objectives. Although sales of electric vehicles are accelerating, it may not be clear that purchasing an electric vehicle is advantageous from an economic or environmental perspective. A techno- economic analysis of electric vehicles comparing them against hybrids, gasoline and diesel vehicles is presented. The results show that the complexity of electrical power supply, infrastructure requirements and full life cycle concerns show that electric vehicles have a place in the future but that ongoing improvements will be required for them to be clearly the best choice for a given situation.

关键词： BEV     battery powered electric vehicle     environmental impact of electric vehicles     techno-economic analysis     gasoline versus electric powered cars     diesel versus electric cars     consumer behaviour    

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Thermodynamic and economic analyses of a coal and biomass indirect coupling power generation system

Buqing YE, Rui ZHANG, Jin CAO, Bingquan SHI, Xun ZHOU, Dong LIU

《能源前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第3期   页码 590-606 doi: 10.1007/s11708-020-0809-6

摘要： The coal and biomass coupling power generation technology is considered as a promising technology for energy conservation and emission reduction. In this paper, a novel coal and biomass indirect coupling system is proposed based on the technology of biomass gasification and co-combustion of coal and gasification gas. For the sake of comparison, a coal and biomass direct coupling system is also introduced based on the technology of co-combustion of coal and biomass. The process of the direct and the indirect coupling system is simulated. The thermodynamic and economic performances of two systems are analyzed and compared. The simulation indicates that the thermodynamic performance of the indirect coupling system is slightly worse, but the economic performance is better than that of the direct coupling system. When the blending ratio of biomass is 20%, the energy and exergy efficiencies of the indirect coupling system are 42.70% and 41.14%, the internal rate of return (IRR) and discounted payback period (DPP) of the system are 25.68% and 8.56 years. The price fluctuation of fuels and products has a great influence on the economic performance of the indirect coupling system. The environmental impact analysis indicates that the indirect coupling system can inhibit the propagation of NO and reduce the environmental cost.

关键词： biomass     indirect coupling system     process simulation     thermodynamic analysis     economic analysis    

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Life cycle assessment and economic analysis of HFC-134a production from natural gas compared with oil-based

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第12期   页码 1713-1725 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2210-y

摘要： China is the largest producer and consumer of HFC-134a (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane) in the world. Coal-based route is mainly adopted to produce HFC-134a, which suffers from large waste and CO2 emissions. Natural gas is a low-carbon and clean energy resource, and no research has been found on the environment and economy of producing HFC-134a from natural gas. In this study, CML 2001 method was used to carry out the life cycle assessment of natural gas (partial oxidation)-based and natural gas (plasma cracking)-based routes (abbreviated as gas(O)-based and gas(P)-based routes, respectively), and their environmental performances were compared with coal-based and oil-based routes. Meanwhile, considering that China is vigorously promoting the transformation of energy structure, and the application of electric heating equipment to replace fossil-based heating equipment in industrial field, which has a great impact on the environmental performance of the production processes, the authors conducted a scenario analysis. The results showed that the gas(O)-based route had the most favourable environmental benefits. However, the gas(P)-based route had the highest potential for reducing environmental burdens, and its environmental benefit was the most favourable in scenario 2050. Additionally, the economic performance of the gas(P)-based route was significantly better than that of gas(O)-based and coal-based routes.

关键词： life cycle assessment     economic performance     HFC-134a     natural gas     oil     coal    

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Clustering economic sectors in China on a life cycle basis to achieve environmental sustainability

Sai LIANG, Tianzhu ZHANG, Xiaoping JIA

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第1期   页码 97-108 doi: 10.1007/s11783-012-0402-2

摘要： To improve material efficiency, industrial structure optimization becomes a focal point in Chinese industrial and environmental policies. It is crucial to cluster economic sectors and determine their priority for industrial and environmental policy implementation. Integrating a set of criteria, a hybrid input-output model and the hierarchical cluster analysis, this study clusters China’s economic sectors and determines their priority on a life cycle basis. China’s economic sectors are clustered into three clusters. Industrial structure changes (industrial policy) should encourage the development of sectors in cluster 1 and limit the development of sectors in cluster 2. Technology development and materials recycling (two environmental policies) should mainly focus on sectors in clusters 1 and 2. Future industrial policies in China should limit the development of two sectors named and . Instead of limiting some industries by command-and-control, the best policy option is to remedy environmental standards and law enforcement. Enterprises belonging to the identified key sectors from the viewpoint of direct production impacts should be concerned to achieve enterprise sustainability. To achieve sustainable production chains, the identified key sectors from the viewpoint of accumulative production impacts should be concerned. For sustainable consumption, the identified key sectors from the viewpoint of consumption impacts should be concerned to transform consumption styles. Most of environmental pressure can be alleviated not only by technical improvements and material recycling, but also by the development of economic sectors in cluster 1.

关键词： cluster analysis     input-output model     life cycle     material flow analysis     sustainable development    

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Techno-economic characteristics of wastewater treatment plants retrofitted from the conventional activated

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1483-6

摘要：

While a growing number of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are being retrofitted from the conventional activated sludge (CAS) process to the membrane bioreactor (MBR) process, the debate on the techno-economy of MBR vs. CAS has continued and calls for a thorough assessment based on techno-economic valuation.

关键词： Membrane bioreactor (MBR)     Conventional activated sludge (CAS)     Cost-benefit analysis     Data envelopment analysis     Net profit    

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Energy budget and economic analysis in conventional and organic rice production systems and organic scenarios

Hamed MANSOORI, Parviz Rezvani MOGHADDAM, Rooholla MORADI

《能源前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第4期   页码 341-350 doi: 10.1007/s11708-012-0206-x

摘要： Compared to conventional agriculture, organic agriculture is reported to be more efficient and effective in reducing water and soil pollution, greenhouse gases (GHGs) emission and risk of human health. In additional, field management under organic condition can be useful for increasing energy efficiency. Rice is one of the important crops which are cultivated in two forms, organic and conventional, in Iran. In order to compare the energy efficiency and economic analysis of rice production in organic and conventional systems in Iran, needed information was collected by face-to-face questionnaire in 2011 and three scenarios were designed to predict the changes of energy budget and economic analysis in the transition period that included: 25%, 50% and 75% organic management in rice production. The results showed that all energy indexes were improved in organic rice production compared to conventional condition. Higher values of benefit to cost ratio, gross and net return and lower value of total cost of production were obtained from organic rice production which indicated that the organic management of farm improved economically in comparison with the conventional rice production system. The shares of direct and renewable energies were increased by approach to organic management. Increase in energy efficiency and productivity was predicted for the transition period but decrease trend in economic indexes was projected for this period in all scenarios. The main reason for decreasing economic indexes in organic scenarios was that the market price of organic rice was the same as that of conventional rice in the transition period.

关键词： energy efficiency     specific energy     net return     Cobb-Douglas function    

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The German Energiewende and its roll-out of renewable energies: An economic perspective

Sebastian KREUZ, Felix MÜSGENS

《能源前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第2期   页码 126-134 doi: 10.1007/s11708-017-0467-5

摘要： This paper gives a short overview of the German Energiewende, i.e. the transition of a large and mostly thermal electricity system towards electricity generation from renewable energy source. It discusses both, the motivation of the transitions as future goals and current status. Furthermore, it gives an in-depth view into the changes in economic costs for society as well as electricity price effects, especially for average private households and industrial consumers. It also discusses the benefits of the promotion of renewable energies in Germany.

关键词： electricity system     renewable energy     cost-benefit analysis    

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Reassessment of fenestration characteristics for residential buildings in hot climates: energy and economicanalysis

Ali ALAJMI, Hosny ABOU-ZIYAN, Hamad H. Al-MUTAIRI

《能源前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第4期   页码 629-650 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0799-z

摘要： This paper attempts to resolve the reported contradiction in the literature about the characteristics of high-performance/cost-effective fenestration of residential buildings, particularly in hot climates. The considered issues are the window glazing property (ten commercial glazing types), facade orientation (four main orientations), window-to-wall ratio (WWR) (0.2–0.8), and solar shading overhangs and side-fins (nine shading conditions). The results of the simulated runs reveal that the glazing quality has a superior effect over the other fenestration parameters and controls their effect on the energy consumption of residential buildings. Thus, using low-performance windows on buildings yields larger effects of WWR, facade orientation, and solar shading than high-performance windows. As the WWR increases from 0.2 to 0.8, the building energy consumption using the low-performance window increases 6.46 times than that using the high-performance window. The best facade orientation is changed from north to south according to the glazing properties. In addition, the solar shading need is correlated as a function of a window-glazing property and WWR. The cost analysis shows that the high-performance windows without solar shading are cost-effective as they have the largest net present cost compared to low-performance windows with or without solar shading. Accordingly, replacing low-performance windows with high-performance ones, in an existing residential building, saves about 12.7 MWh of electricity and 11.05 tons of CO2 annually.

关键词： parametric analysis     high-performance window     window-to-wall ratio (WWR)     facade orientation     solar shading     cost analysis    

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Techno-economic evaluation of wind energy in southwest Nigeria

Muyiwa S. ADARAMOLA, Olarenwaju M. OYEWOLA, Olayinka S. OHUNAKIN, Rufus R. DINRIFO

《能源前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第4期   页码 366-378 doi: 10.1007/s11708-012-0205-y

摘要： In this study, an analysis of the wind energy potential in the southwest geo-political region of Nigeria was conducted. A 37-year (1971–2007) wind speed data set measured at 10 m height, obtained from eight meteorological stations within the region was analyzed using a 2-parameter Weibull function. Besides, a techno-economic evaluation of large wind energy conversion systems with power ratings ranging from 0.6 to 2 MW at different hub heights based on the levelized unit cost of electricity was made for the different sites considered. The result showed that electricity cost varied from 0.06997 and 0.11195 $/(kW·h) to 2.86611 and 4.58578 $/(kW·h) at limit values of turbine specific cost band intervals of 1000 and 1600 $/kW. It was further shown that Lagos, having the highest accumulated power outputs of 430.10 kW/a from DeWind D7 at 70 m hub height, is the most preferred for economically usable power generation in terms of the levelized unit cost.

关键词： mean wind speed     Weibull distributions     wind turbine     techno-economic analysis     southwest geopolitical region     Nigeria    

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2016—2035年中国经济总量及其结构分析预测

李平,娄峰,王宏伟

《中国工程科学》 2017年 第19卷 第1期   页码 13-20 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2017.01.003

摘要：

本文综合考虑了未来影响中国潜在经济增长的若干主要因素及其传导机制，构建了经济系统模型，预测了未来20年中国的经济规模及其结构变化。在基准情景下，2016—2020、2021—2025、2026—2030和2031—2035年四个时期我国国内生产总值（GDP）增长率分别为6.4 %、5.6 %、4.9 %和4.5 %。2035年中国不变价GDP规模将为2000年的10.06倍、2010年的3.99倍、2020年的2.02倍。未来20年内，以投资拉动为主的经济增长模式将逐步转变为以消费需求为主导的发展新模式。面对发达经济体可能低速增长的国际环境以及国内新增劳动力逐渐减少的情况，中国经济需要加强研发和教育投入，提高投入效率和全要素生产率，推进技术进步和制造业的转型与升级；加快推动财税金融体制改革和收入分配体制改革，推进城镇化和第三产业发展。

关键词： 经济预测     经济增长     结构分析     可计算一般均衡    

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Economic Analysis of Residential Distributed Solar Photovoltaic

Xi Luo,Jia-ping Liu

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2015年 第2卷 第2期   页码 125-130 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2015031

摘要： Under the huge challenges of global energy conservation, emission reduction and energy security, distributed solar photovoltaic industry has become the key means to achieve economic restructuring and low carbon economy. Based on System Advisor Model software, the authors choose Baoji as the sample plot. Household load, unit investment, loan interest rate and loan fraction are used as influence factors to analyze the economic benefits of distributed solar photovoltaic in China. The result demonstrates that government incentives help to increase the profitability of distributed solar photovoltaic by a large extent; other factors that influence the profitability includes household load, unit investment cost, loan interest rate and loan fraction.

关键词： distributed solar photovoltaic     internal rate of return     price ladder     government incentives    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Life-cycle assessment and techno-economic analysis of the production of wood vinegar from stem: a case

期刊论文

Thermo-economic analysis of a direct supercritical CO electric power generation system using geothermal

期刊论文

Energy and economic analysis of a point-focus concentrating photovoltaic system when its installation

C. RENNO, A. PERONE

期刊论文

Process simulation and economic analysis of reactor systems for perfluorinated compounds abatement without

Boreum Lee,Sunggeun Lee,Ho Young Jung,Shin-Kun Ryi,Hankwon Lim

期刊论文

Techno-economic analysis of the adoption of electric vehicles

Donald KENNEDY, Simon P. PHILBIN

期刊论文

Thermodynamic and economic analyses of a coal and biomass indirect coupling power generation system

Buqing YE, Rui ZHANG, Jin CAO, Bingquan SHI, Xun ZHOU, Dong LIU

期刊论文

Life cycle assessment and economic analysis of HFC-134a production from natural gas compared with oil-based

期刊论文

Clustering economic sectors in China on a life cycle basis to achieve environmental sustainability

Sai LIANG, Tianzhu ZHANG, Xiaoping JIA

期刊论文

Techno-economic characteristics of wastewater treatment plants retrofitted from the conventional activated

期刊论文

Energy budget and economic analysis in conventional and organic rice production systems and organic scenarios

Hamed MANSOORI, Parviz Rezvani MOGHADDAM, Rooholla MORADI

期刊论文

The German Energiewende and its roll-out of renewable energies: An economic perspective

Sebastian KREUZ, Felix MÜSGENS

期刊论文

Reassessment of fenestration characteristics for residential buildings in hot climates: energy and economicanalysis

Ali ALAJMI, Hosny ABOU-ZIYAN, Hamad H. Al-MUTAIRI

期刊论文

Techno-economic evaluation of wind energy in southwest Nigeria

Muyiwa S. ADARAMOLA, Olarenwaju M. OYEWOLA, Olayinka S. OHUNAKIN, Rufus R. DINRIFO

期刊论文

2016—2035年中国经济总量及其结构分析预测

李平,娄峰,王宏伟

期刊论文

Economic Analysis of Residential Distributed Solar Photovoltaic

Xi Luo,Jia-ping Liu

期刊论文